* Science and technology is value neutral. It is we who make it good or evil.
* Big science requires collaboration, which cannot happen without a supportive ecosystem.
* Many of those opposing GM crop technology at the symposium fear Monsanto. We need to separate the technology from the company.
* People are migrating from villages to cities because average rural incomes are one-half or a third of urban incomes. Agricultural distress needs to be addressed to bridge the rural-urban income divide. This will take care of food security as well. Our ability to develop urban infrastructure is limited. Rural incomes must increase to urban levels.
* Farmer must be given a choice. He must be given information to make informed choices. Farmers can decide for themselves. A farmer (near Kolhapur) used seeds produced at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre to get high yields and make a world record. But he also used many other methods in addition to seeds.
* GM technology is part of the choice. There may be risks, as there as in any technology. The common man should not be denied the choice. Confined field trials are part of research. They help us assess the potential risks. If we do not do research, we will be postponing the availability of choices. There should be no obstacles in this path. Postponing biotech research will cost the country dear.
* There is a new technology under development that could enhance the rate of photosynthesis. Technology has ramifications beyond food security. Are we going to say yes or no?
* More research in biotechnology is happening in industry than in universities. We must accelerate research in India particularly in our universities.
* A decision-making tree (as the one proposed by Dr Ramesh Sonti of the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad) is relevant for development, not for direction. If it is done up-front, we will be in the situation of a still-born baby. Mission mode research is not appropriate at this stage. Open ended research will add a lot of value.
* It is important that farmers do value addition. But farmers want cash returns immediately after the crop, and cannot normally wait for the value-added activity to be completed. We must create conditions that empower farmers to participate and benefit from value-addition opportunities. It is not the fault of the technology that the farmer is not able to add value.
* We need to take a broader, open-ended view of technology. The question of deployment must be discussed. However, in the process if we stop research, we will be harming ourselves and losing precious development time.
(Top photo: ‘Let science guide farmers’. Deepak Bijarneya, researcher at Borlaug Institute for South Asia talking to farmers of Kanhuli Dhanraj village in Bihar’s Vaishali district about frugal water use direct seeded rice technique which they have adopted. Photo by Vivian Fernandes on 19 October, 2015. This photo is being used only by way of illustration)